Namespaces in C++

Namespaces in C++ are a mechanism for organizing and encapsulating code to prevent naming conflicts and to provide a way to group related functions, classes, or variables together. They are used to create a separate scope for identifiers, ensuring that names don't clash with each other when multiple libraries or parts of a program are combined.

Declaration

namespace MyNamespace {
    // Code goes here
}

Scope Resolution

MyNamespace::myFunction();
int x = MyNamespace::myVariable;

Problem Defintion

Write a C++ program that demonstrates the use of namespaces to organize and encapsulate code.

Create a namespace called Math and define the following functions within it:

• int add(int a, int b) to perform addition.
• int subtract(int a, int b) to perform subtraction.
• int multiply(int a, int b) to perform multiplication.
• double divide(int a, int b) to perform division and return the result as a double.

Create another namespace called Utils and define the following functions within it:

• void printMessage(string message) to print a message to the console.
• int getRandomNumber(int min, int max) to generate a random integer between the given min and max (inclusive).

In the main part of your program, demonstrate the use of these namespaces by performing the following tasks:

• Use functions from the Math namespace to perform arithmetic operations and display the results.
• Use functions from the Utils namespace to print a message and generate a random number.

Ensure that you correctly declare and use namespaces to encapsulate the functions and avoid naming conflicts.